想法很简单。混合通过设置 runtime.GOMAXPROCS(1) 让 golang 的程并进程变成单线程执行的。类似python用gevent的混合效果。然后通过调度多个协程实现异步I/O并发。程并php作为一个子函数跑在go的混合进程内，php需要yield到其他协程时，程并通过回调到golang函数来实现。混合从php里调用go提供的程并子函数时，go保证保存php的混合当前上下文。当协程执行权让渡回来的程并时候，把原来的混合php上下文恢复。关键的程并代码在：
// 保存当前协程上的php上下文 oldServerCtx := engine.ServerContextGet() fmt.Println(oldServerCtx) defer engine.ServerContextSet(oldServerCtx) oldExecutorCtx := engine.ExecutorContextGet() fmt.Println(oldExecutorCtx) defer engine.ExecutorContextSet(oldExecutorCtx) oldCoreCtx := engine.CoreContextGet() fmt.Println(oldCoreCtx) defer engine.CoreContextSet(oldCoreCtx) // 放弃全局的锁，使得其他的混合协程可以开始执行php engineLock.Unlock() defer engineLock.Lock() ServerContextGet 这几个函数是我加的，云服务器获得的程并是php的(EG/SG/PG)这三个全局context(参见：http://www.cnblogs.com/chance...)。修改过的混合github.com/deuill/go-php的源代码在：https://github.com/taowen/go-...
完整的php/go混合协程的demo：
package main import ( "fmt" "github.com/deuill/go-php/engine" "os" "runtime" "time" "sync" ) type TestObj struct{ } func newTestObj(args []interface{ }) interface{ } { return &TestObj{ } } var engineLock *sync.Mutex func (self *TestObj) Hello() { oldServerCtx := engine.ServerContextGet() fmt.Println(oldServerCtx) defer engine.ServerContextSet(oldServerCtx) oldExecutorCtx := engine.ExecutorContextGet() fmt.Println(oldExecutorCtx) defer engine.ExecutorContextSet(oldExecutorCtx) oldCoreCtx := engine.CoreContextGet() fmt.Println(oldCoreCtx) defer engine.CoreContextSet(oldCoreCtx) engineLock.Unlock() defer engineLock.Lock() time.Sleep(time.Second) fmt.Println("sleep done") } func main() { runtime.GOMAXPROCS(1) theEngine, err := engine.New() engineLock = &sync.Mutex{ } if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) } _, err = theEngine.Define("TestObj", newTestObj) wg := &sync.WaitGroup{ } wg.Add(2) before := time.Now() fmt.Println("1") go func() { engineLock.Lock() defer engineLock.Unlock() context1, err := theEngine.NewContext() if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) } context1.Output = os.Stdout if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) } fmt.Println("1 enter") _, err = context1.Eval("$testObj = new TestObj(); $testObj->Hello();") fmt.Println("1 back") if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) } //theEngine.DestroyContext(context1) fmt.Println("1 done") wg.Done() }() fmt.Println("2") go func() { engineLock.Lock() defer engineLock.Unlock() context2, err := theEngine.NewContext() if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) } if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) } context2.Output = os.Stdout fmt.Println("2 enter") _, err = context2.Eval("$testObj = new TestObj(); $testObj->Hello();") fmt.Println("2 back") if err != nil { fmt.Println(err) } //theEngine.DestroyContext(context2) fmt.Println("2 done") wg.Done() }() wg.Wait() after := time.Now() fmt.Println(after.Sub(before)) } 执行结果是
1 2 2 enter { 0x2cf2930 { <nil> <nil> <nil> 0 <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> 0 0 0 [0 0 0 0 0] <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> 0 0 <nil> 1000 [0 0 0 0]} { { <nil> <nil> 0 16 0x7f682e819780 0 [0 0 0 0 0 0 0] <nil>} 0 1 [0 0 0] <nil> <nil>} 0 0 0 [0 0 0 0 0 0] { 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 { 0 0} { 0 0} { 0 0} [0 0 0]} 0x2a00270 0x2a00f60 <nil> 8388608 0 1 [0 0 0] 0 { 8 7 2 [0 0 0 0] 0 0x29f4520 0x29f4520 0x29f4470 0x29f4420 <nil> 1 0 0 [0 0 0 0 0]} <nil> { 0 [0 0 0 0 0 0 0] <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil>} 0 [0 0 0 0 0 0 0]} { 0x7ffd30bac588 { [0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0] 2 0 0 [0 0]} 0x7f682f01b928 { [0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0] 1 0 0 [0 0]} 0x7f682f01b948 [<nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil>] 0x7f682f01ba60 0x7f682f01b960 0x7f682f167168 0x7f682f01ba88 { 64 63 5 [0 0 0 0] 0 0x7f682f1972d8 0x7f682f1972d8 0x7f682f1993f8 0x7f682f1970c8 0x7f682e862d10 0 0 1 [0 0 0 0 0]} { 8 0 0 [0 0 0 0] 0 <nil> <nil> <nil> 0x7f682f016a00 <nil> 0 0 1 [0 0 0 0 0]} 0x7ffd30bac590 22527 0 0 [0 0 0 0] 0x7f682f197640 0x29f4f80 0x29f4fd0 0x29f5070 <nil> 0x2cf2950 0x7f682f1989c0 14 0 1 [0 0 0] <nil> <nil> 0 1 [0 0 0 0 0 0] { 8 0 0 [0 0 0 0] 1 <nil> <nil> <nil> 0x7f682f016a00 0x7f682e883140 0 0 1 [0 0 0 0 0]} { 8 0 0 [0 0 0 0] 0 <nil> <nil> <nil> 0x7f682f016a00 0x7f682e8831d0 1 0 0 [0 0 0 0 0]} 0x7f682f167088 0 [0 0 0 0] <nil> <nil> { 0 0 <nil>} { 0 0 <nil> <nil> 0 [0 0 0 0 0 0 0]} { 0 0 <nil> <nil> 0 [0 0 0 0 0 0 0]} 0 [0 0 0 0] <nil> 0 0 0x29fb2e0 <nil> <nil> { 0x7f682f187030 2 1024 -1 [0 0 0 0]} <nil> <nil> <nil> [{ 0x7f682e915050 [0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0] [0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0] [0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0] 0 0 149 8 8 8} { 0x7f682e915050 [0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0] [0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0] [0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0] 0 0 149 8 8 8} { 0x7f682e915050 [0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0] [0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0] [0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0] 0 0 149 8 8 8}] 0x7f682f167168 <nil> { 0 [0 0 0 0] <nil> 0 [0 0 0 0] 0 0 [0 0 0 0] <nil> 0 [0 0 0 0] <nil>} 1 [0 0 0 0 0 0 0] <nil> 0x7f682f01bde8 895 [0 0 0 0 0 0] [<nil> <nil> <nil> <nil>]} { 1 [0 0 0 0 0 0 0] 0 0 0 [0 0 0 0 0 0] <nil> 0x29ff9a0 17 134217728 -1 0 0 0 1 [0 0 0 0] 1024 0 0 1 [0 0 0 0 0] 0x2a00870 <nil> 0x2a010a0 0x7f682ecc58b0 <nil> 0x7f682ecc5c23 <nil> <nil> <nil> 2097152 <nil> <nil> 0x2a00180 0x2a00230 <nil> <nil> <nil> { 0x7f682ec91aa8 0x7f682ec91aa8} 0x2a00910 { 0 0 0 [0 0 0 0] 0 <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> 0 0 0 [0 0 0 0 0]} 0 0 0 [0 0 0] { 0x2b6dc10 0x2b6dc10 1 8 <nil> 1 [0 0 0 0 0 0 0] <nil>} [0x7f682f197330 0x7f682f197040 0x7f682f197410 <nil> <nil> 0x7f682f1974f0] 0 1 1 [0 0 0 0 0] 0x7f682ec9544b 0x7f682ec9544b 0 0 [0 0 0 0 0 0] 0 [0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0] 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 [0] 0 [0 0 0 0] <nil> <nil> 0 [0 0 0 0] 0x2cf27c0 <nil> 0 0 [0 0 0 0 0 0] 64 1000 0 [0 0 0 0 0 0 0] 0x7f682ecc6270 300 0x2a009b0 1 [0 0 0 0 0 0 0] <nil> 0 [0 0 0 0 0 0 0]} 1 enter { 0x7f6818000aa0 { <nil> <nil> <nil> 0 <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> 0 0 0 [0 0 0 0 0] <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> 0 0 <nil> 1000 [0 0 0 0]} { { <nil> <nil> 0 16 0x7f682e819780 0 [0 0 0 0 0 0 0] <nil>} 0 1 [0 0 0] <nil> <nil>} 0 0 0 [0 0 0 0 0 0] { 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 { 0 0} { 0 0} { 0 0} [0 0 0]} 0x2a00270 0x2a00f60 <nil> 8388608 0 1 [0 0 0] 0 { 8 7 2 [0 0 0 0] 0 0x29f4520 0x29f4520 0x29f4470 0x29f4420 <nil> 1 0 0 [0 0 0 0 0]} <nil> { 0 [0 0 0 0 0 0 0] <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil>} 0 [0 0 0 0 0 0 0]} { 0x7f682a4cccd8 { [0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0] 2 0 0 [0 0]} 0x7f682f01b928 { [0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0] 1 0 0 [0 0]} 0x7f682f01b948 [<nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil>] 0x7f682f01ba60 0x7f682f01b960 0x7f682802f110 0x7f682f01ba88 { 64 63 5 [0 0 0 0] 0 0x7f682f197a00 0x7f682f197a00 0x7f682f198368 0x7f682f198fa0 0x7f682e862d10 0 0 1 [0 0 0 0 0]} { 8 0 0 [0 0 0 0] 0 <nil> <nil> <nil> 0x7f682f016a00 <nil> 0 0 1 [0 0 0 0 0]} 0x7f682a4ccce0 22527 0 0 [0 0 0 0] 0x7f682f197d28 0x29f4f80 0x29f4fd0 0x29f5070 <nil> 0x2cf2950 0x7f682f1983e8 14 0 1 [0 0 0] <nil> <nil> 0 1 [0 0 0 0 0 0] { 8 0 0 [0 0 0 0] 1 <nil> <nil> <nil> 0x7f682f016a00 0x7f682e883140 0 0 1 [0 0 0 0 0]} { 8 0 0 [0 0 0 0] 0 <nil> <nil> <nil> 0x7f682f016a00 0x7f682e8831d0 1 0 0 [0 0 0 0 0]} 0x7f682802f030 0 [0 0 0 0] <nil> <nil> { 0 0 <nil>} { 0 0 <nil> <nil> 0 [0 0 0 0 0 0 0]} { 0 0 <nil> <nil> 0 [0 0 0 0 0 0 0]} 0 [0 0 0 0] <nil> 0 0 0x29fb2e0 <nil> <nil> { 0x7f682804efd8 2 1024 -1 [0 0 0 0]} <nil> <nil> <nil> [{ 0x7f682e915050 [0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0] [0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0] [0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0] 0 0 149 8 8 8} { 0x7f682e915050 [0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0] [0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0] [0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0] 0 0 149 8 8 8} { 0x7f682e915050 [0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0] [0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0] [0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0] 0 0 149 8 8 8}] 0x7f682802f110 <nil> { 0 [0 0 0 0] <nil> 0 [0 0 0 0] 0 0 [0 0 0 0] <nil> 0 [0 0 0 0] <nil>} 1 [0 0 0 0 0 0 0] <nil> 0x7f682f01bde8 895 [0 0 0 0 0 0] [<nil> <nil> <nil> <nil>]} { 1 [0 0 0 0 0 0 0] 0 0 0 [0 0 0 0 0 0] <nil> 0x29ff9a0 17 134217728 -1 0 0 0 1 [0 0 0 0] 1024 0 0 1 [0 0 0 0 0] 0x2a00870 <nil> 0x2a010a0 0x7f682ecc58b0 <nil> 0x7f682ecc5c23 <nil> <nil> <nil> 2097152 <nil> <nil> 0x2a00180 0x2a00230 <nil> <nil> <nil> { 0x7f682ec91aa8 0x7f682ec91aa8} 0x2a00910 { 0 0 0 [0 0 0 0] 0 <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> <nil> 0 0 0 [0 0 0 0 0]} 0 0 0 [0 0 0] { 0x2b6dc10 0x2b6dc10 1 8 <nil> 1 [0 0 0 0 0 0 0] <nil>} [0x7f682f197a58 0x7f682f198ce0 0x7f682f197b38 <nil> <nil> 0x7f682f197c18] 0 1 1 [0 0 0 0 0] 0x7f682ec9544b 0x7f682ec9544b 0 0 [0 0 0 0 0 0] 0 [0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0] 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 [0] 0 [0 0 0 0] <nil> <nil> 0 [0 0 0 0] 0x2cf27c0 <nil> 0 0 [0 0 0 0 0 0] 64 1000 0 [0 0 0 0 0 0 0] 0x7f682ecc6270 300 0x2a009b0 1 [0 0 0 0 0 0 0] <nil> 0 [0 0 0 0 0 0 0]} sleep done 1 back 1 done sleep done 2 back 2 done 1.00099211s 可以看到两个sleep 1s，最终只用了1.00099211s。说明协程是并发的。
一些性能指标。走http调用后端，在i7-6700k上，用ab -n 100 -c 4 可以跑出这样的结果
Requests per second: 3183.70 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 1.256 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 0.314 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) 如果不用http调用后端，直接php=>go返回"hello"，则可以达到
Requests per second: 10073.54 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 0.397 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 0.099 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) 这些指标只说明了协程切换的成本。实际的收益取决于后端的http服务的延迟，高防服务器如果耗时很长，通过协程并发则可以收益明显。
这个实验说明了可以用golang实现一个代替nginx+php-fpm的应用服务器。并且提供了一条从php向golang迁移的平滑迁移路径。在一个应用里混合PHP和Go两种语言。
并且可以通过提供golang函数给php调用的方式实现I/O的异步化。像libcurl这样的扩展自身是支持异步回调的，只是php是同步的所以只给php暴露了同步的execute。有了Golang之后，可以把execute变成对异步execute+callback的包装，从而实现基于协程的调度。